Nylon kab yog cov kab nuv ntses tshaj plaws, uas feem ntau yog ua los ntawm cov khoom siv cob thiab ua tiav thiab kos. Tom qab molding, lwm cov txheej txheem ntxiv rau saum npoo ntawm cov khoom tiav, xws li xim, glazing thiab lwm yam txheej txheem.
Kev tshuaj xyuas cov khoom thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov nylon xov
1. Yam dab tsi cuam tshuam rau lub zog ntawm nylon nuv ntses kab thiab vim li cas lub zog siab dua
●Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm qhov hnyav molecular. Nylon, tseem hu ua nylon, yog lub ntsiab lus dav dav rau cov ntaub ntawv polyamide. Nws yog tau los ntawm polymerization ntawm monomeric tshuaj uas muaj ib pawg amide - cONH - los ntawm lub nplhaib-qhib {. Cov macromolecules ntawm no polymer yog sib sau ua ke nyob rau hauv chains, thiab cov monomers ua ntej polymerization ua cov saw txuas ntawm cov saw macromolecules. Vim qhov kev txwv ntawm kev siv thev naus laus zis, qhov ntev ntawm cov saw hlau macromolecular tsis tuaj yeem sib npaug, yog li qhov hnyav molecular tsis sib npaug. Es tsis txhob, nws yog faib nyob rau hauv ib tug tej yam ntau yam. Hauv qee qhov xwm txheej, lub zog ntawm cov xov paj nylon yuav nce ntxiv nrog qhov nce ntawm qhov hnyav molecular ntawm macromolecules, tab sis qhov nce ntawm lub zog tsis pom tseeb thaum nws nce mus rau qee qib. Qhov hnyav molecular faib ntau yam ntawm cov polymer kuj cuam tshuam rau lub zog ntawm txoj kab nuv ntses. Cov kab nylon nrog ntau qhov sib txawv muaj qhov nruab nrab tsis tshua muaj zog, siab elongation, tsis muaj zog tiv taus, thiab lub zog loj tsis sib xws. Yog li ntawd, qhov hnyav molecular faib ntawm cov khoom siv los ua cov kab nuv ntses Qhov nqaim kom zoo dua,
● Kev cuam tshuam ntawm hydrogen bonding. Muaj ntau cov hydrogen bonds ntawm macromolecules ntawm cov ntaub ntawv nylon, yog li nylon yog ib hom khoom siv hluavtaws nrog lub zog siab dua, thiab nylon nws tus kheej tau muab faib ua ntau hom. Cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv ntawm cov khoom sib txawv muaj cov lej sib txawv ntawm hydrogen bonds hauv lawv cov ntsiab lus, thiab qhov muaj zog sib txawv heev. Cov ntaub ntawv siv los ua cov kab nuv ntses feem ntau yog ntau yam nrog ntau hydrogen bonds ntawm macromolecules.
● Kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev sib khi molecules hauv thaj av amorphous hauv cov qauv supramolecular. Raws li cov qauv hauv supramolecular ntawm txoj kab nuv ntses. Nws tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov qauv hauv cheeb tsam crystalline thiab cov qauv hauv cheeb tsam amorphous. Nyob rau hauv cov qauv siv lead ua, vim muaj zog hydrogen bonds, crystallinity thiab crystal size muaj me ntsis cuam tshuam rau lub zog ntawm cov nuv ntses kab, thiab kev tawg ntawm cov nuv ntses kab feem ntau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub weakest link nyob rau hauv lub nuv ntses kab. Ntawd yog, kev tawg ntawm cov kab ke ua ke hauv thaj av amorphous (piv txwv li, thaj av amorphous). Yog li ntawd, tus naj npawb ntawm kev khi molecules nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam amorphous ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau lub zog ntawm txoj kab nuv ntses.
●Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm qhov kev taw qhia ntawm lub zog ntawm txoj kab nuv ntses. Lub degree ntawm kev taw qhia yog hais txog qib ntawm parallelism ntawm cov macromolecules ntawm txoj kab nuv ntses thiab axis ntawm txoj kab nuv ntses, thiab yog ib qho tseem ceeb parameter qhia txog cov qauv supramolecular ntawm txoj kab nuv ntses. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas txiav txim siab lub cev thiab cov khoom siv ntawm cov kab nuv ntses.
Feem ntau hais lus, qhov siab dua ntawm kev taw qhia, qhov siab dua qhov tawg ntawm cov hlau thiab qhov qis dua qhov elongation; ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, qhov qis qis ntawm kev taw qhia, qhov qis dua lub zog tawg ntawm cov hlau thiab qhov siab dua qhov elongation. Ib qho laj thawj rau peb qhov xwm txheej ntawm lub zog siab thiab qis elongation, nruab nrab lub zog thiab nruab nrab elongation, thiab tsis tshua muaj zog thiab siab elongation.
2. Vim li cas nylon xov yooj yim rau hnub nyoog?
● Cov C-N daim ntawv cog lus nyob rau hauv macromolecular amide pawg nyob rau hauv cov nuv ntses kab thiab C-C daim ntawv cog lus nyob rau hauv lub macromolecular lub ntsiab saw tau yooj yim tawg tom qab raug rhuab, uas txo cov degree ntawm polymerization ntawm macromolecular thiab ua rau lub zog txo.
●Amino pawg thiab carboxyl pawg ntawm ob qhov kawg ntawm macromolecules yog rhiab heev rau lub teeb, tshav kub thiab oxygen, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov amino pawg, uas nws tus lej txo thaum lub sij hawm oxidative thermal cracking, ua rau txo qis zog.
● Cov pab pawg amide ntawm cov saw hlau macromolecular yog nquag rau cov kua qaub hydrolysis, uas ua rau muaj kev sib tsoo ntawm cov saw hlau macromolecular thiab txo cov degree ntawm polymerization. Yog li ntawd, nylon tsis resistant rau acid, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog inorganic acid.
3. Puas yog nylon nuv ntses kab nqus dej?
Cov amino pawg thiab carboxyl pawg ntawm ob qho kawg ntawm Oita qia hauv nylon yog cov hydrophilic, yog li nylon muaj cov dej nqus dej siab, thiab nws qhov nqus dej siab tshaj plaws tuaj yeem ncav cuag 3.5-4.5 feem pua. Yuav kom kov yeej qhov tsis txaus ntawm cov nylon nuv ntses kab thiab tib lub sij hawm nce qhov hnav tsis kam ntawm cov nuv ntses kab, ib kab coated tau tshwm sim ob peb xyoos dhau los. Lub thiaj li hu ua ceramic hlau.
4. Vim li cas tsuas yog lub zog siab thiab qis txuas ntxiv yog tsim rau cov kab nuv ntses
Lub elasticity ntawm txoj kab yog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev nuv ntses, nws tuaj yeem pab tus pas nrig txhawm rau txhawm rau cuam tshuam cov ntses, kom cov kab tsis yooj yim tawg. Cov neeg feem ntau xav tias qhov elongation ntawm txoj kab nuv ntses tsis zoo. Qhov no yog vim qhov siab elongation tus nqi feem ntau yog nrog lub zog qis ntawm txoj kab nuv ntses, yog li tsuas yog cov xov paj nylon nrog lub zog siab thiab qis elongation yog tsim rau cov kab nuv ntses.
5. Vim li cas nylon muaj elasticity zoo thiab hnav tsis kam
Cov saw nylon macromolecular yog tsim los ntawm alkane chains (-cH-) tshwj tsis yog rau pawg amide. Lub cc ib daim ntawv cog lus muaj qhov me me hauv kev sib hloov tsis kam, yog li macromolecular yooj yooj yim dua, uas muab kev txav mus los hauv zos. Cov plam no yog txwv los ntawm macromolecular hydrogen daim ntawv cog lus ntawm pawg amide. Yog li ntawd, nylon muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo dua. Qhov yooj ntawm nylon macromolecules yog qhov zoo, yog li qhov pib modulus (Ceeb Toom) qis. Zoo resilience thiab qis pib modulus yog qhov tsim nyog rau cov xov paj hluavtaws kom hnav-tiv taus. Yog li ntawd, kev puas tsuaj ntawm nylon yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov xov paj hluavtaws. Lub elasticity ntawm txoj kab nuv ntses muaj qee qhov txwv, uas tshaj qhov txwv. Thaum cov hydrogen bonds ntawm molecules tawg, lawv tsis tuaj yeem rov qab los yog rov qab los. Nws yuav tsum tau hloov nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm.
Faj seeb: Initial modulus: Nws tuaj yeem nkag siab tias qhov yooj yim ntawm elongation ntawm txoj kab nuv ntses hauv qhov nro. Nylon muaj qhov qis tshaj qhov pib xav thiab yog yooj yim ncab.
6. Qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo
Nta: tsis muaj xim thiab pob tshab, muaj zog rub lub zog, zoo elasticity, ceev dej txiav, siab nuv ntses rhiab heev. Durable, ruaj, mos, tsis yooj yim rau tawv thiab nkig nyob rau lub caij ntuj no, thiab muaj qhov zoo dua verticality, yog li cov xov nylon tuav txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev ua lag luam.
Qhov zoo: tus nqi qis thiab ntau yam specifications, zoo dua ductility thiab elasticity, dav siv nyob rau hauv ib txwm nuv ntses txoj kev.
Disadvantages: cua ntsawj ntshab, yooj yim rau hnub nyoog.